http://www.pbs.org/speak/words/sezwho/socialsetting/
This article talks a lot about language and society, and how the affect on another. It gives examples about how language differs between different races, genders, and locations. Even when it is all the same language, the slang and dialects can make it hard to understand one another.
I think that the race and gender differences in language are mostly stereotypical. They don't affect a person's language as much as where they grew up and who they grew up with. If a young black male grew up in an all white neighborhood, he would puck up the slang and accent that they use there, regardless of how similar or not it may be to "black english." Also, as stated in the article, men and women have stereotypes of knowing different language too. A man is supposed to know more about tool names and car parts, while a woman is supposed to know more color names and decoration pieces.
However, if a man is a painter or an interior designer, he will know the "women's" terms and know less of the "men's" terms. Or if a woman is a mechanic, she would know the "men's" terms and vice versa.
Overall, I think that where a person lives will affect their language much more than what they are.
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